Fire Dampers
Fire Dampers in ventilation ducts close automatically on fire to prevent flame spread through the HVAC system between fire compartments; smoke-leakage control requires smoke dampers or combination fire/smoke dampers rated for it. They differ from ordinary dampers by being fire-rated and built of heavy steel with internal thermal insulation. Essential wherever ductwork penetrates a fire barrier.
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About this category
Fire dampers solve a passive-protection problem: HVAC ducts penetrate fire-barrier walls, opening a path for fire spread into another compartment — dampers close that path automatically. The design: a heavy steel blade or multi-blade assembly within a steel frame inside the duct, closed by a thermal fuse melting at 72°C or a detection signal, a spring-loaded mechanism that shuts the blade when the fuse releases, and internal insulation. Types: curtain fire dampers (gravity-falling), multi-blade dampers (counter-rotating blades), combination fire/smoke dampers (electrically operated ahead of heat), and dynamic fire dampers (against continuous airflow). Common performance codes include E = fire integrity, EI = fire with insulation, S = smoke resistance. Example: EIS90 describes a 90-minute combined rating. Operating principle: normally open for routine HVAC flow; on fire the fuse melts (or a panel signal arrives), the spring releases, the blade shuts rapidly against airflow, and stays closed for the rated time. Applications: HVAC penetrations through fire walls in all large buildings, hospitals, hotels, shopping centers, factories, and warehouses. A critical note: a simple thermal fuse alone does not stop smoke, which spreads before 72°C. Where smoke control is required, smoke or combination dampers actuated by the detection system are used. Maintenance: periodic close-test of each damper per the adopted code (e.g. NFPA 80: one year after installation, then every 4 years, or every 6 years in hospitals). Review the model's acceptance file when specifying.
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Fire dampers solve a passive-protection problem: HVAC ducts penetrate fire-barrier walls, opening a path for fire spread into another compartment — dampers close that path automatically. The design: a heavy steel blade or multi-blade assembly within a steel frame inside the duct, closed by a thermal fuse melting at 72°C or a detection signal, a spring-loaded mechanism that shuts the blade when the fuse releases, and internal insulation. Types: curtain fire dampers (gravity-falling), multi-blade dampers (counter-rotating blades), combination fire/smoke dampers (electrically operated ahead of heat), and dynamic fire dampers (against continuous airflow). Common performance codes include E = fire integrity, EI = fire with insulation, S = smoke resistance. Example: EIS90 describes a 90-minute combined rating. Operating principle: normally open for routine HVAC flow; on fire the fuse melts (or a panel signal arrives), the spring releases, the blade shuts rapidly against airflow, and stays closed for the rated time. Applications: HVAC penetrations through fire walls in all large buildings, hospitals, hotels, shopping centers, factories, and warehouses. A critical note: a simple thermal fuse alone does not stop smoke, which spreads before 72°C. Where smoke control is required, smoke or combination dampers actuated by the detection system are used. Maintenance: periodic close-test of each damper per the adopted code (e.g. NFPA 80: one year after installation, then every 4 years, or every 6 years in hospitals). Review the model's acceptance file when specifying.
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